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The 20th General Congregation of the Society of Jesus, held in 1820, the first following the Jesuits’ restoration, offered an opportunity for the religious order to respond to the system of state-sponsored, or at least state-sanctioned, schools that had emerged since its suppression in 1773. The restored Jesuits faced the challenge of adjusting to the

The following are notes, rather incomplete yet intimate ones, written by Pedro Arrupe before his stroke in August 1981. The Jesuits’ Superior General describes celebrating Mass, alone, in his private chapel reserved at the Curia in Rome. He provides glimpses of his passionate intimacy with the Eucharist and of his burdens of his office: “the

Simão Rodrigues, one of Ignatius’s first companions in founding the Society of Jesus, became the founding provincial of the Portuguese province in 1546. In Coimbra, Portugal, his fellow Jesuits opposed Rodrigues’s unique training methods for Jesuit scholastics. Men like Francisco Estrada and others objected to the policy that scholastics had to reproduce the saints’ humiliating

In 1543, Pierre Favre provided the following instructions to two Spanish royal chaplains who had joined the Society of Jesus the year before. Favre had sent the new Jesuits on pilgrimage as part of their formation. The following instructions reveal much about how and why Jesuits conducted pilgrimages just three years into their order’s existence.

In September 1980, Jesuit officials gathered at the Jesuit Curia in Rome to consider two elements within Jesuit secondary education: how to genuinely collaborate with the laity and how to apply Decree 4 from the 32nd General Congregation to their work. Pedro Arrupe offered the remarks to conclude the assembly. The Jesuits’ superior general used

Less than three months after writing a letter to the entire Society of Jesus to explain his actions, Superior General Pedro Arrupe delivered the following homily at a Mass to renew the Jesuits’ devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus in 1972. Appearing after selections of Arrupe’s address below is the text of the Act

In the following letter to all major superiors in the Society of Jesus, sent on December 1, 1973, Pedro Arrupe explains the importance of liturgy and of three newly released liturgical books (the Jesuit Supplement to the Missal; the Jesuit Supplement to the Lectionary; and the Supplement to the Liturgy of the Hours or Divine